(= 0.035), when FUS sonication was performed immediately before drug injection, compared with mice that did not receive FUS (Fig. after FUS compared with non-FUS ( 100 vs. 20 m, based on doxorubicin penetration regression) (Fig. 2= 4 for each condition, i.e., non-FUS and FUS). The maximum mean fluorescence for the FUS and non-FUS was 0.52 0.15 and 0.07 0.02, a sevenfold difference. (= 0.035), SB1317 (TG02) when FUS sonication was performed immediately before drug injection, compared with mice that did not receive FUS (Fig. 3). Quantification of T-DM1 range from tumor vessels exposed significant (= 0.007) increase in drug penetration (mean SEM, 42 7 vs. 11 6 m) after FUS compared with control (non-FUS) (Fig. 3= 6). (Level pub, 100 m.) Parametric College students test for 0.05 (Prism 6; GraphPad). n.s., not significant. Quantification of Transvascular Transport via Mathematical Modeling Demonstrates Up to Fourfold Increase in Effective Diffusion Coefficient and Hydraulic Conductivity After FUS-Mediated BBB/BTB Disruption. While the above experimental findings provide important and previously unreported info at the cellular level about the intratumoral PK of medicines when combined with FUS, the relative importance of different transport mechanisms within the brain microenvironment remains mainly unclear. To determine the relevance of different transport mechanisms, we Kcnj12 combined two classes of mathematical models. First, the experimental data on vascular and interstitial drug PK was used to parameterize 2D tumor wire PBPK models for the two chemotherapeutic providers (46, 47) (Fig. 4 and and and = 0.002) and the hydraulic conductivity (4.5-fold increase, = 0.006) were significantly different between the FUS and the control group (non-FUS) (Fig. 4and Table 1). The estimated Peclet quantity in the SB1317 (TG02) interstitial subdomain for these model guidelines improved from Penon-FUS = 1.01 10?1 2.75 10?2 to PeFUS = 22.15 15.45 (mean SEM) after FUS, providing quantitative confirmation of the experimental observation SB1317 (TG02) (Fig. 2value= 0.003) was significantly different between FUS and control (Fig. 4and Table 2). Table 2. T-DM1 fitted guidelines valueand and Table 3). The degree of perfusion in different parts of the network experienced significant impact on interstitial drug PK of the two drugs. Most notably, at poorly perfused vessels, T-DM1 experienced very low extravasation due to limited convective transport, whereas doxorubicin experienced very high extravasation due to diffusion-dominated transport (Fig. 5and = 6) from each cell populace. (for detailed info including in vivo experiment protocols, cell tradition, FUS system transmission and characterization, image analysis, intravital microscopy, histology, mathematical models for drug transport, model parameter match, sensitivity analysis, and numerical implementation. Supplementary Material Supplementary FileClick here to view.(1.3M, pdf) Acknowledgments We thank T. J. Diefenbach and the Ragon Institute Imaging Core (Harvard Center for AIDS Study Immunology Core) for technical and instrumental support during microscopy studies, and Y. Zhang, M. Duquette, SB1317 (TG02) S. Roberge, P. Huang, and C. J. Smith for exceptional technical assistance in animal and histological studies. We also thank Drs. James Baish, Lover Yuan, and Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos for helpful feedback on our manuscript. This study was supported in part by NIH Grants R00EB016971 (National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering) (to C.D.A.) and F31HL126449 (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) (to M.D.), the Solidar-Immun Basis (J.K.), and the German Study Basis (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) Give While 422-2/1 (to V.A.). R.K.J. and D.F. are supported by National Cancer Institute Grants P01-CA080124, R01-CA208205, and U01-CA224348. R.K.J. is also supported by National Malignancy Institute Grants R35-CA197743, P50-CA165962, and R01-CA129371, the SB1317 (TG02) Ludwig Center at Harvard, and the National Foundation for Malignancy Study. N.M. is definitely supported by National Cancer Institute Give P01-CA174645. Footnotes Discord of interest statement: R.K.J. received an honorarium from Amgen and specialist charges from Merck, Ophthotech, Pfizer, SPARC, SynDevRx, and XTuit; is the owner of equity in Enlight, Ophthotech, SynDevRx, and XTuit; served on the Table of Directors of XTuit; and serves on the Boards of Trustees of Tekla Healthcare Investors, Tekla Existence Sciences Investors, Tekla Healthcare Opportunities Account, and Tekla World Healthcare Fund. Neither any reagent nor any funding from these businesses was used in this study. This article consists of supporting information on-line at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1807105115/-/DCSupplemental..
